Sleep apnea is a type of Sleep Disordered Breathing that occurs when the upper airway becomes completely blocked during sleep, leading to a pause in breathing (apnea) for at least 10 seconds. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that affects both adults and children. It is characterised by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, which can result in poor quality sleep and a range of health issues. There are two types of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). In OSA, the blockage is caused by physical obstruction, such as enlarged tonsils or adenoids. In CSA, the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe, causing a pause in breathing.

In children, sleep apnea is most commonly caused by an obstruction in the upper airway, such as enlarged tonsils or adenoids, or a small jaw.

Other factors that can contribute to sleep apnea in children include obesity, allergies, and asthma.

Symptoms of sleep apnea in children may include:

• Loud snoring

• Pauses in breathing during sleep

• Gasping or choking during sleep

• Restless sleep

• Excessive daytime sleepiness

• Irritability or behavioural problems

• Poor school performance

If left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to a range of health issues in children. It’s important to note that the best course of treatment for sleep apnea in children may vary depending on the individual child’s needs and the severity of their condition. As a paediatric dentists, we work closely with other healthcare professionals to provide the most effective and comprehensive treatment for children with sleep apnea.